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101.
Mary Alice Yund 《Journal of insect physiology》1979,25(10):781-788
A possible role for cAMP in the mechanism of ecdysteroid induction of morphogenesis in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster was explored in a variety of experiments. Neither cAMP, supplied externally, nor theophylline at concentrations which increase internal cAMP levels 2–3 fold will substitute for the hormone in the induction of morphogenesis. Hormone action in imaginal discs is neither enhanced nor repressed by externally supplied cAMP or theophylline. Internal cAMP levels in discs, determined by kinase binding assays, are not altered by juvenile hormone or 20-hydroxy-ecdysone under incubation conditions which permit ecdysteroid stimulation of RNA synthesis and induction of morphogenesis. Adenylate cyclase activity in disc extracts is not stimulated or depressed by 20-hydroxy-ecdysone or juvenile hormone, but is stimulated by NaF. These findings suggest that ecdysteroid action in imaginal discs does not involve changes in the internal concentration or metabolism of cAMP. 相似文献
102.
Cells are subjected to static tension of different magnitudes when cultured on substrates with different stiffnesses. It has long been recognized that mechanical stress is an important modulator of the intervertebral disc degeneration. Here we studied the influence of substrate stiffness on cell morphology, apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism of the rat annulus fibrosus (AF) cells which are known to be mechanosensitive cells. Polyacrylamide gel substrates with three different stiffnesses were prepared by varying the concentration of acrylamide and bisacrylamide, and the elastic modulus of the different gel substrates were measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM). First-passage rat annular cells were cultured on soft, intermediate, rigid substrates or plastics for 24 or 48 h. The percentages of apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity, and morphologic changes were visualized by Hoechst 33258 staining and F-actin staining. In addition, the expression of ECM genes (Col1α1, Col2α1, aggrecan, MMP-3, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5) were analyzed by RT-PCR. The three different substrates had elastic moduli varying between 1 ± 0.23 kPa (soft, 5% gel with 0.06% bis), 32 ± 2.89 kPa (intermediate, 10% gel with 0.13% bis) and 63 ± 3.45 kPa (rigid, 10% gel with 0.26% bis) with a thickness about 60-70 μm. Most of the rat AF cells appeared small and rounded, and lost most of their stress fibers when cultured on soft substrate. There was a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in the rat AF cells cultured on soft and intermediate substrates relative to those on plastic surface, with a parallel decrease in the area of cell spreading and nucleus. The AF cells grown on intermediate or rigid substrate had reduced expression of Col1α1, Col2α1 and aggrecan and enhanced expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 at 24 h or 48 h, respectively, relative to those cultured on plastic surface. Conversely, we observed an up-regulation of Col2α1 and aggrecan and no change in the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 in AF cells on soft substrates. Rat AF cells are sensitive to substrate stiffness which can regulate the morphology, growth, apoptosis and ECM metabolism of rat AF cells, thus indicating the importance of substrate choice for cell transplantation and regeneration for the treatment of disc degeneration using tissue-engineering technique. 相似文献
103.
Gandolfi I Franzetti A Bertolini V Gaspari E Bestetti G 《Journal of applied microbiology》2011,110(6):1612-1620
Aims: To assess antibiotic resistance in airborne bacteria associated with coarse particulate matter (PM10) in an urban area, with specific considerations about the Staphylococcus genus. Methods and Results: Disc diffusion test was performed on 243 microbial strains, isolated from PM10 in winter and summer and belonging to families Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and genera Acinetobacter, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. Staphylococci resistances were the most heterogeneous, being distributed among almost all tested antibiotics. Staphylococcus isolates resistant to some selected antibiotics were further investigated for the presence of the corresponding genetic determinants. Only tetK, which mediates the tetracycline resistance through the action of an efflux protein, was found in almost all resistant isolates. Conclusions: The lack of specific genetic determinants makes their transmission among staphylococci less likely. This may reduce the theoretical risk associated with the inhalation of airborne micro‐organisms. Significance and Impact of Study: Although the spreading of antibiotic resistant micro‐organisms is of particular concern in clinical settings, the origin of antibiotic resistance genes can be traced in natural environments. As behaviour, viability and transport of bacteria in the atmospheric compartment suffer from a lack of information, the evaluation of the actual risk posed by airborne micro‐organisms to human health is still challenging. 相似文献
104.
The polyketide DIF-1 induces Dictyostelium amoebae to form stalk cells in culture. To better define its role in normal development, we examined the phenotype of a mutant blocking the first step of DIF-1 synthesis, which lacks both DIF-1 and its biosynthetic intermediate, dM-DIF-1 (des-methyl-DIF-1). Slugs of this polyketide synthase mutant (stlB−) are long and thin and rapidly break up, leaving an immotile prespore mass. They have ∼ 30% fewer prestalk cells than their wild-type parent and lack a subset of anterior-like cells, which later form the outer basal disc. This structure is missing from the fruiting body, which perhaps in consequence initiates culmination along the substratum. The lower cup is rudimentary at best and the spore mass, lacking support, slips down the stalk. The dmtA− methyltransferase mutant, blocked in the last step of DIF-1 synthesis, resembles the stlB− mutant but has delayed tip formation and fewer prestalk-O cells. This difference may be due to accumulation of dM-DIF-1 in the dmtA− mutant, since dM-DIF-1 inhibits prestalk-O differentiation. Thus, DIF-1 is required for slug migration and specifies the anterior-like cells forming the basal disc and much of the lower cup; significantly the DIF-1 biosynthetic pathway may supply a second signal - dM-DIF-1. 相似文献
105.
Abstract We identified a novel neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-associated protein, myo genesis-related and N CAM- a ssociated p rotein (MYONAP), the expression of which increases during the formation of myotubes in quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (QM-RSV cells). MYONAP shares homology with PL48 in human cytotrophoblasts and KIAA0386 in human brain. Excess expression of MYONAP in presumptive QM-RSV myoblasts induced long protrusions like neurites in cooperation with microtubules. Suppression of MYONAP by antisense cDNA prevented myotubes from forming in spite of the expression of myogenin, creatine kinase, and myosin, and rendered myoblast membranes resistant to fusion. Yeast two-hybrid screening showed that MYONAP interacted with NCAM specifically. Deletion of the NCAM-associated domain resulted in a loss of the function that induces neurite-like protrusions to form and disturbed the elongation of microtubules. The results suggested that MYONAP influenced the functions of microtubules and was involved in the formation of myotubes via its interaction with NCAM. 相似文献
106.
Tissue-engineered fibrocartilage could become a feasible option for replacing tissues such as the knee meniscus or temporomandibular joint disc. This study employed five growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-I, transforming growth factor-beta1, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and basic fibroblast growth factor) in a scaffoldless approach with costal chondrocytes, attempting to improve biochemical and mechanical properties of engineered constructs. Samples were quantitatively assessed for total collagen, glycosaminoglycans, collagen type I, collagen type II, cells, compressive properties, and tensile properties at two time points. Most treated constructs had lower biomechanical and biochemical properties than the controls with no growth factors, suggesting a detrimental effect, but the treatment with insulin-like growth factor-I tended to improve the constructs. Additionally, the 6-week time point was consistently better than that at 3 weeks, with total collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and aggregate modulus doubling during this time. Further optimization of the time in culture and exogenous stimuli will be important in making a more functional replacement tissue. 相似文献
107.
Finite element models for hydrated soft biological tissue are numerous but often exhibit certain essential deficiencies concerning
the reproduction of relevant mechanical and electro-chemical responses. As a matter of fact, singlephasic models can never
predict the interstitial fluid flow or related effects like osmosis. Quite a few models have more than one constituent, but
are often restricted to the small-strain domain, are not capable of capturing the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the solid skeleton,
or do not account for a collagen fibre reinforcement. It is the goal of this contribution to overcome these drawbacks and
to present a thermodynamically consistent model, which is formulated in a very general way in order to reproduce the behaviour
of almost any charged hydrated tissue. Herein, the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) is applied in combination with polyconvex
Ogden-type material laws describing the anisotropic and intrinsically viscoelastic behaviour of the solid matrix on the basis of
a generalised Maxwell model. Moreover, other features like the deformation-dependent permeability, the possibility to include inhomogeneities like
varying fibre alignment and behaviour, or osmotic effects based on the simplifying assumption of Lanir are also included. Finally, the human intervertebral disc is chosen as a representative for complex soft biological tissue
behaviour. In this regard, two numerical examples will be presented with focus on the viscoelastic and osmotic capacity of
the model. 相似文献
108.
Okada Y Imendra KG Miyazaki T Hotokezaka H Fujiyama R Zeredo JL Toda K 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2007,27(6):771-781
The effect of calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) agonists on frog gustatory responses was studied using glossopharyngeal nerve
recording and whole-cell patch-clamp recording of isolated taste disc cells. Calcimimetic NPS R-467 dissolved in normal saline
solution elicited a large transient response in the nerve. The less active enantiomer of the compound, NPS S-467 induced only
a small neural response. The EC50 for NPS R-467 was about 20 μM. Cross-adaptation experiments were performed to examine the effect of 30 μM NPS R-467 and 100 μM
quinine on the gustatory neural response. The magnitude of the R-467-induced response after adaptation to quinine was approximately
equal to that after adaptation to normal saline solution, indicating that the receptor site for NPS R-467 is different from
the site for quinine. NPS R-467 (100 μM) also induced an inward current accompanied with conductance increase and large depolarization
in two (13%) of 15 rod cells, and a sustained decrease in outward current and small depolarization in six (40%) other rod
cells. NPS S-467 (100 μM) induced a sustained decrease in outward current and depolarization in five (50%) of 10 rod cells.
Another calcimimetic cinacalcet (100 μM) induced an inward current accompanied with conductance increase in three (27%) of
11 rod cells. The results suggest that NPS R-467 induces neural responses through cell responses unrelated to a resting K+ conductance decrease. 相似文献
109.
The very C-terminus of c-Src is a ligand for PDZ domains. In a screen for PDZ domains that interact with c-Src, we identified one of the PDZ domains of the Ligand-of-Numb protein X1 (LNX1), a multiple PDZ domain scaffold and RING type E3 ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrate that the interaction of c-Src with LNX1 depends on the C-terminal PDZ ligand of c-Src. Furthermore, we show that c-Src phosphorylates LNX1. Moreover, c-Src itself is ubiquitinated by LNX1, suggesting an interdependent regulation of c-Src and LNX1. 相似文献
110.